Ormond; Or, The Secret Witness. Volume 1 (of 3) — Edition Insights

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Brown, Charles Brockden, 1771-1810 Project Gutenberg 2011 Not confirmed
Young women -- Fiction; Gothic fiction; Philadelphia (Pa.) -- History -- 19th century -- Fiction Readers of public-domain and historical texts
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Words 34,547
Reading time 151 min
Text sections 3

This digital edition of Ormond; Or, The Secret Witness. Volume 1 (of 3) — Edition Insights is described by source-level measurements including 34,547 words, 2 hr 31 min estimated reading time, and 3 detected text sections.

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Project Gutenberg metadata also associates the work with “Young women -- Fiction,” connecting these edition facts with the source record’s subject description.

In this first volume of Charles Brockden Brown's Gothic novel, the narrator pieces together Constantia Dudley's story amid a Philadelphia plague, revealing tensions between rational inquiry and mortal dread, and introducing the enigmatic Ormond through fragmented, witness-based testimony.
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Stephen Dudley was a native of New York. He was educated to the profession of a painter. His father's trade was that of an apothecary. But this son, manifesting an attachment to the pencil, he was resolved that it should be gratified. For this end Stephen was sent at an early age to Europe, and not only enjoyed the instructions of Fuzeli and Bartolozzi, but spent a considerable period in Italy, in studying the Augustan and Medicean monuments. It was intended that he should practise his art in his native city, but the young man, though reconciled to this scheme by deference to paternal authority, and by a sense of its propriety, was willing as long as possible to postpone it. The liberality of his father relieved him from all pecuniary cares. His whole time was devoted to the improvement of his skill in his favourite art, and the enriching of his mind with every valuable accomplishment. He was endowed with a comprehensive genius and indefatigable industry. His progress was proportionably rapid, and he passed his time without much regard to futurity, being too well satisfied with the present to anticipate a change. A change however was unavoidable, and he was obliged at length to pay a reluctant obedience to his father's repeated summons. The death of his wife had rendered his society still more necessary to the old gentleman.

He married before his return. The woman whom he had selected was an unportioned orphan, and was recommended merely by her moral qualities. These, however, were eminent, and secured to her, till the end of her life, the affection of her husband. Though painting was capable of fully gratifying his taste as matter of amusement, he quickly found that, in his new situation, it would not answer the ends of a profession. His father supported himself by the profits of his shop, but with all his industry he could do no more than procure a subsistence for himself and his son.

Till his father's death young Dudley attached himself to painting. His gains were slender, but he loved the art, and his father's profession rendered his own exertions in a great degree superfluous. The death of the elder Dudley introduced an important change in his situation. It thenceforth became necessary to strike into some new path, to deny himself the indulgence of his inclinations, and regulate his future exertions by a view to nothing but gain. There was little room for choice. His habits had disqualified him for mechanical employments. He could not stoop to the imaginary indignity which attended them, nor spare the time necessary to obtain the requisite degree of skill. His father died in possession of some stock, and a sufficient portion of credit to supply its annual decays. He lived at what they call a _good stand_, and enjoyed a certain quantity of permanent custom. The knowledge that was required was as easily obtained as the elements of any other profession, and was not wholly unallied to the pursuits in which he had sometimes engaged. Hence he could not hesitate long in forming his resolution, but assumed the management of his father's concerns with a cheerful and determined spirit.

The knowledge of his business was acquired in no long time; He was stimulated to the acquisition by a sense of duty; he was inured to habits of industry, and there were few things capable to resist a strenuous exertion of his faculties. Knowledge of whatever kind afforded a compensation to labour; but the task being finished, that which remained, which in ordinary apprehensions would have been esteemed an easy and smooth path, was to him insupportably disgustful. The drudgery of a shop, where all the faculties were at a stand, and one day was an unvaried repetition of the foregoing, was too incongenial to his disposition not to be a source of discontent. This was an evil which it was the tendency of time to increase rather than diminish. The longer he endured it the less tolerable it became. He could not forbear comparing his present situation with his former, and deriving from the contrast perpetual food for melancholy.

The narrator of Ormond; Or, The Secret Witness opens by addressing a correspondent, I.E. Rosenberg, promising a factual account of Constantia Dudley rather than a crafted fiction. This framing immediately establishes a tension between biographical fidelity and narrative design: the story will be told by a friend who admits to partial knowledge and a desire to extenuate errors. The first volume plunges into a Philadelphia ravaged by plague, where deserted streets, suspended commerce, and hearses replace carriages. Constantia, reduced to five dollars, debates the most nutritious diet to withstand pestilence, recalling a Benedictine of Messina who ministered to the sick. Brown’s prose dwells on practical details—wood-carters turned corpse-bearers, locked houses, and the calculus of survival—while hinting at darker forces through the shadowy figure of Ormond, whom the narrator calls a “contradictory or unintelligible being.”

The Witness’s Vow and the Limits of Knowledge

The introduction establishes a narrator who is both intimate with Constantia and self-consciously fallible. He declares his narrative will lack “unity of design” and will not follow “poetical taste,” because the facts are “sometimes abundant and sometimes scanty.” This is not a conventional Gothic confession but a deliberate, limited testimony. The narrator warns that Ormond may appear “contradictory or unintelligible,” and admits his means of knowing Ormond’s actions were “singularly fortunate and accurate” yet “could not be unerring and complete.” This epistemological caution pervades the volume: readers are given a story filtered through a witness who acknowledges gaps and biases. The result is a narrative that feels provisional, as if the truth about Ormond and Constantia must be pieced together from imperfect sources.

Plague as a Crucible of Character and Society

The plague chapters (V–VI) depict a city in collapse: “the most populous streets were deserted and silent,” shops shut except apothecaries, and the hearse the only vehicle. Constantia’s response is methodical. She discusses with her father the “best means of retaining health in a time of pestilence,” studying the diet and exercise of those who escaped contagion. Her practical turn of mind contrasts with the surrounding panic. Yet the plague also forces moral choices: a wood-carter known to her now buries the dead, and she enlists him to remove a corpse from Whiston’s house. She then “kept as distant from the house as possible.” Brown uses the epidemic to strip away social pretense, revealing who acts with composure and who succumbs. Constantia’s five dollars and her aversion to charity become urgent, concrete problems, not abstract virtues.

The Enigmatic Ormond and the Structure of Suspense

Ormond himself appears only obliquely in this volume, mentioned in the introduction as a figure the narrator will try to render. The title’s “Secret Witness” suggests a watcher whose motives are hidden. Brown builds suspense not through direct confrontation but through the narrator’s hesitations and the incomplete portrait he promises. The reader is told that Ormond is “not a creature of fancy,” yet the narrator withholds the “means by which I gained a knowledge of his actions.” This reticence creates a vacuum of interpretation: Ormond’s character must be inferred from the narrator’s guarded testimony. The volume thus functions as a slow unveiling, where the most significant presence is felt largely through absence and implication. The reader, like the narrator, must remain alert to clues scattered across the plague-ridden streets and Constantia’s quiet calculations.

Readers approaching this first volume should attend to the narrator’s framing as much as to the events. Brown’s choice to foreground the limits of his witness—and to delay Ormond’s entrance—invites a careful reading of what is omitted or hedged. The plague setting is not mere backdrop but a pressure test for character and belief. Constantia’s resourcefulness and her father’s intellectual discussions offer a counterpoint to the Gothic shadows. This volume rewards those who track small details: the wood-carter’s changed trade, the locked house, the Benedictine’s example. They are the threads from which the larger mystery will be woven.

Reading about Constantia’s wary watchfulness in plague-struck Philadelphia, I remembered my own teenage summers, devouring adventure tales on a creaky porch. The apprehension of unseen watchers felt familiar, yet so did the quiet pride in a character’s resilience. That same gentle stirring came from Great Hike; or, The Pride of the Khaki Troop — Background and Themes, where courage felt less like shouting and more like a steady, private breath.

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